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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="启动优化"><a href="#启动优化" class="headerlink" title="启动优化"></a>启动优化</h2><p>延迟加载，比如通过IdleHandler在系统空闲时加载模块<br>异步初始化</p>
<p>缺点：界面展示了，但是用户操控出现卡断</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://blog.csdn.net/github_35186068/article/details/86486033">Android 性能优化 - 启动优化</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://dzone.com/articles/how-to-capture-heap-dump-from-android-app">How to Capture Heap Dump From an Android App</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/tracing/navigate-report">浏览 Systrace 报告</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://source.android.google.cn/devices/tech/dalvik/dex-format?hl=zh-cn">Dalvik 可执行文件格式</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.imooc.com/article/317405">应用性能优化之VerifyClass</a></p>
<h2 id="渲染性能优化"><a href="#渲染性能优化" class="headerlink" title="渲染性能优化"></a>渲染性能优化</h2><p>防止因视图层次结构导致性能下降包括两个目标：一个是实现视图层次结构扁平化，一个是减少 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies?hl=zh-cn#double">Double Taxation</a>。布局耗时过长的一个常见原因是，View 对象的层次结构互相嵌套(层级过深)。每个嵌套的布局对象都会增加布局阶段的开销。层次结构越扁平，完成布局阶段所需的时间越少。</p>
<p><strong>优化方案：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>使用 ConstraintLayout 而非 RelativeLayout 或 LinearLayout，因为这么做通常更高效，并且减少了布局的嵌套。不过，对于可通过 FrameLayout 实现的简单布局，还是建议使用 FrameLayout；</li>
<li>如果使用 RelativeLayout 类，则可通过使用未设权重的嵌套 LinearLayout 视图，以更低的开销达到同样的效果。但是，如果您使用的是嵌套的加权 LinearLayout 视图，则布局开销会高得多，因为它需要多次布局传递；</li>
<li>使用 RecyclerView 而不要使用 ListView，因为前者可以回收各个列表项的布局，这种方式不仅效率更高，而且可以提升滚动性能。</li>
<li>布局中使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts/reusing-layouts?hl=zh-cn#Merge">&lt;merge&gt;</a>来减少布局层次。</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts/loading-ondemand?hl=zh-cn">使用ViewStub延迟加载视图</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw?hl=zh-cn#rt">降低透明度</a>，比如一个字体颜色不要使用透明度的值，要使用RGB，而不是ARGB。</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw?hl=zh-cn#rubil">移除布局中不必要的背景</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies?hl=zh-cn">性能和视图层次结构</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/jetpack/compose/performance?hl=zh-cn">Jetpack Compose 性能</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/performance/rendering/inspect-gpu-rendering?hl=zh-cn#debug_overdraw">检查 GPU 渲染速度和过度绘制</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/quality/technical?hl=zh-cn">Android技术质量</a> 是谷歌官方介绍的性能检查和优化措施。</p>
<p>频繁GC：申请大量对象、图片内存占用</p>
<h2 id="包体积优化"><a href="#包体积优化" class="headerlink" title="包体积优化"></a>包体积优化</h2><ul>
<li>so等做成插件</li>
<li><strong>Build &gt; Analyze APK：</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/debug/apk-analyzer?hl=zh-cn">使用 APK 分析器分析 build</a> &gt; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/debug/apk-analyzer?hl=zh-cn#compare_files">比较文件</a> 可以用于了解为什么应用较之先前版本有所增大。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="性能工具介绍"><a href="#性能工具介绍" class="headerlink" title="性能工具介绍"></a>性能工具介绍</h2><p><del><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/profile/traceview?hl=zh-cn">Traceview</a></del>(已废弃)<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/profile/cpu-profiler?hl=zh-cn">CPU 性能分析器</a></p>
<h3 id="MethodTracing"><a href="#MethodTracing" class="headerlink" title="MethodTracing"></a>MethodTracing</h3><p>通过<code>MethodTracing</code>可以查看方法调用的耗时，但是method tracing会导致虚拟机运行比正常情况要慢，所以该方式只能查看相对耗时。</p>
<p>使用方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>通过AndroidStudio的Profiler的CPU中可以抓取MethodTracing。</li>
<li>也可以通过代码方式抓取，比如通过下面方式可以分析activity启动耗时：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight kotlin"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//启动trace日志，比如在点击按键，启动一个Activity之前调用</span></span><br><span class="line">Debug.startMethodTracing(<span class="string">&quot;<span class="subst">$&#123;filesDir.absolutePath&#125;</span>/dmtrace.trace&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//停止日志，放在activity onCreate中即可</span></span><br><span class="line">findViewById&lt;View&gt;(android.R.id.content).viewTreeObserver.addOnPreDrawListener &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Debug.stopMethodTracing()</span><br><span class="line">        Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">&quot;[rjy] stopMethodTracing&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>trace文件导出后，使用AndroidStudio的Profile打开即可查看。</p>
<p><img src="/images/Android/MethodTracing%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="MethodTracing示意图"></p>
<p>相关接口说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/android/os/Debug#startMethodTracing()">startMethodTracing</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/android/os/Debug#startMethodTracingSampling(java.lang.String,%20int,%20int)">startMethodTracingSampling</a></li>
</ul>
<p>参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/profile/generate-trace-logs?hl=zh-cn">通过对应用插桩生成轨迹日志</a></p>
<h3 id="代码检查：Lint-gt-Performance"><a href="#代码检查：Lint-gt-Performance" class="headerlink" title="代码检查：Lint &gt; Performance"></a>代码检查：Lint &gt; Performance</h3><p>AndroidStudio： Code &gt; Inspect Code 可以启动lint检查，检查示意图：</p>
<p><img src="/images/Android/Lint_Performance.png" alt="Lint Performance示意图"></p>
<h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.google.cn/quality/technical?hl=zh-cn">Android技术质量</a> 是谷歌官方介绍的性能检查和优化措施。<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://github.com/JsonChao/Awesome-Android-Performance?tab=readme-ov-file">Awesome-Android-Performance</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://blog.csdn.net/github_35186068/article/details/86486033">Android 性能优化 - 启动优化</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://dzone.com/articles/how-to-capture-heap-dump-from-android-app">How to Capture Heap Dump From an Android App</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/tracing/navigate-report">浏览 Systrace 报告</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://source.android.google.cn/devices/tech/dalvik/dex-format?hl=zh-cn">Dalvik 可执行文件格式</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.imooc.com/article/317405">应用性能优化之VerifyClass</a></p>
<h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><ol>
<li>Android Studio-Profiler连接失败，“no supported devices”，可以使用<code>adb root</code>来获取root权限，这样就可以解决连接不上的问题。</li>
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